The cyberspace with its attractive and captivating technologies is penetrating without minute resistance among the administrative elite, folks and all the society pillars. Due to empowerment and power building attributes of the cyber space all the vital infrastructure of the country are adopting cyber technologies at high pace both at surface and nature levels. This rapid and unconcerned tendency for employment of cyber technologies will lead to the formation of challenges and obstacles in the way of internal soundness of the Islamic society. The present study using combinational method, firstly explores through the application of qualitative descriptive analysis and afterwards through collecting and surveying the expert views using structural equations and SmartPLS software, describes the cyber dominance dimensions in two levels of ruling power and Islamic identity. US hegemony in controlling the cyberspace, ultra-governmental identification and monitoring of the empowerment the society capabilities, cyber threats and invasions, acceptance and trans-national and trans-cultural behavior and life style patterns, trans-national cultural engineering and management as well as decadent and Humanistic culture are the major challenges in the way of the country empowerment in the globalization arena and cyber hegemony.

Background and Aim: Strategic planning has an important role in achieving competitive advantage for nonprofit organizations. However, some strategic plans fail. The present study aimed to investigate challenges of strategic planning in Welfare Organization.Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach was used for this case study.In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 senior and middle managers who were members of the strategic planning committee. Content analysis method was used for data analysis, and 7 themes and 16 sub-themes were identified from the data.Results: Lack of justification of the strategic planning, the strategic planning model, inappropriate composition of the strategic planning team, the structural and managerial changes of the Welfare Organization, time limitation, insufficient training, and budget constraints were the main challenges of strategic planning in the Welfare Organization.Conclusion: If the strategic planning challenges are not managed well, more problems are expected to occure during the implementation of the strategic plan.Senior managers’ commitment, strong management and leadership, participative corporate culture, education and training, staff empowerment, and provision of required resources will facilitate strategic planning implementation in organizations.

Background: Elite and efficient human resources have vital roles in various levels of national and they are considered as the main factors of growth and development of countries. Lack of this effective capital delays the development process in developing countries. Therefore, identifying the challenges and their proper management is considered very important. The purpose of this article is to identify challenges and strategic priorities of health elites. Methods: The present study is qualitative study. Women's Health Department of the Academy of Medical Sciences reviewed and analyzed upstream documents and group discussion with the presence of managers related to the country's elite, clinical and health experts in three sessions identified priority issues and challenges related to health elites from the perspective of relevant upstream documents, expert opinions and country conditions. Results: A set of 27 challenges was developed by analyzing and discussing elite-related issues and upstream document in group discussion sessions; reduction of free quota for entering medical fields, insufficient educational support, lack of executive guarantee for the tasks assigned to the agencies in the country's strategic document on elite affairs Also, the challenges and problems associated with the three stages of elitism were discussed and summarized: cultivation and identification of elites (4 challenges), leadership of elites (Challenge 5), support and employment of elites (3 challenges). Conclusion: We are currently facing the phenomenon of elite migration, the presentation of solutions should be developed using the power and capacities of all relevant agencies and organizations. The implementation of the proposed solutions requires appropriate infrastructure and processes, cross-sectoral cooperation and participation of the elite community in order to realize the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran and gain the position of scientific authority.

Problem statement: Today, tourism is one of the most important industries contributing to sustainable development. This industry has created great cultural, social, and economic opportunities for metropolises. Abundant and diverse tourist attractions of Tehran have created a great capacity for this city in terms of tourism. However, this issue has been less investigated so far. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the opportunities and limitations of tourism development in Tehran. It also presents tourism development strategies for Tehran. Research objective: This study seeks to provide strategies for the tourism development of Tehran. Research method: This research is descriptive-analytical. Data for this bibliographical research were collected through relevant literature, documents, and interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis based on the SWOT model. The subjects of the research were experts of tourism, managers, and experts of organizations and institutions in charge of urban tourism in Tehran. The sample was selected through purposive sampling. The sampling procedure was stopped when the theoretical saturation was achieved. A total of 35 experts were interviewed. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that developing urban tourism in Tehran requires considering different aspects. The most important strategies and suggestions presented in this article are as follows: Strengthening the will power of people and authorities for tourism development, thinking of tourism as networks, forming an integrated destination management system, improving tourism marketing, presenting and promoting a positive image of Tehran, fostering the culture of tourist hospitability and retention, increasing event capacity, and branding Tehran in tourism.

In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar world, major changes took place at the international level. In the wake of these changes, India and the US had to re-adjust their policies and relations that led to cordinal India-US relations. Maritime relations were not immune to these winds of change. In the maritime domain India has adopted a different attitude towards the US presence in the Indian Ocean as compared to the Cold War period. The United States has also recognized India as a major security provider in the Indian Ocean Region as the Indian Navy is the largest force in the region. Through the maritime cooperation a secure and stable environment would be guaranteed in the Indian Ocean region, which is the stated aim of both the countries. In this regard, this paper tries to analyse India-US maritime relations during the Cold War era as well as the post-Cold War period.

This article examines the challenges and opportunities that emerging technologies bring to strategic management. Given the rapid technological advancements and their impacts on businesses, it is crucial for managers to have a precise understanding of these opportunities and challenges. From the use of drones in livestock management to open innovations in improving strategic performance, new technologies offer both advantages and difficulties. Referencing various studies, this paper explores how companies can optimally leverage these opportunities and effectively confront the associated challenges. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of emerging technologies in the formation and implementation of business strategies.

Objective (s): Strategic planning (SP) is the art and science of strategic analysis of an organization, forecasting changes in an organization’ s internal and external environments, articulating strategic goals, developing strategies, and utilization resources to achieve competitive advantage. Iranian hospitals are facing challenges in formulating and implementing strategic plans. Hence, this study aimed to explore and identify strategic planning challenges in hospitals. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 47 managers of 17 public, private, social security, charity and military hospitals in 2016. Hospitals were selected purposefully from Tehran province hospitals in Iran. Content thematic analysis was used for data analysis using inductive approach. Overall, 8 themes and 34 codes were identified from the data. Results: weak leadership and management, in-effective planning, inappropriate organizational culture, insufficient organizational learning, and ineffective management of employees, patient, resources and processes caused obstacles to effective strategic planning in hospitals. Lack of justification for strategic planning, incompetent strategic planning team, inaapropriate strategic planning model, lack of teamwork morale, poor communication and coordination, inadequate education and training, lack of managers’ , employees’ and physicians’ commitment and participation, lack of resources, lack of monitoring and evaluation were the main challenges of strategic planning in hospitals. Conclusion: Hospital managers are facing challenges in strategic planning. If these challenges are not managed well, more problems will occur during strategic plans implementation. Policy makers and managers have to address these barriers before implementing the strategic plans.

In the present era, where technological advancements are expanding at an unprecedented rate, the strategic role of technology management and entrepreneurship has increasingly become a focal point of attention. The editorial team of the "Journal of Technology in Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management" is proud to delve into and analyze these developments, providing a deep understanding of how technology impacts business strategies and management. This journal strives to facilitate discussion and exchange of ideas in the fields related to technology in entrepreneurship and strategic management. It is hoped that the articles published in this journal will play a significant role in advancing our knowledge and understanding of these vital areas and contribute to strengthening the link between scientific research and practical applications in the business arena. Ultimately, the concept of strategic management of technology and entrepreneurship goes beyond the mere use of new tools and techniques. In fact, it signifies fostering an environment conducive to continuous innovation and creating a culture that encourages creative thinking and risk-taking. Strategic management in the digital age requires a perspective that can adapt to rapid environmental changes and leverage technology as a competitive lever. Given these considerations, research and practical efforts in this area can lead to the development of more flexible, innovative, and resilient business models capable of facing future challenges. Therefore, this journal is committed to presenting content that not only challenges current knowledge but also provides new perspectives for research and practice in these critical fields.

Strategic stability is one of the fundamental issues of the international system in a complex situation, which has faced different concepts, preconditions and rules due to the changes in the system elements. In addition, changes in systemic elements have strongly affected the strategies of actors to achieve stability. Therefore, changes in system elements have affected both cause and effect. Based on this, the issue of research around the effects of environmental changes on the theoretical and conceptual foundations of strategic stability and the effectiveness of actors' strategies from these changes in the changing world is complex.In response to the research problem, this hypothesis is proposed that in the complex changing world, the strategic system of actors, while focusing on the principle of change, is based on the principles of maintaining stability with low levels of conflict and tension, and to achieve this goal, all peaceful and coercive means are used. The findings of the research, focusing on the cascade model and with a descriptive-analytical approach and a qualitative method, express the dynamics of stability, increasing the probability of limited conventional conflicts, the existence of proxy wars, the low probability of unconventional conflicts, preventing the escalation of conflicts in a complex situation under the conditions of strategic stability governance between actors.